ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the trainer and the adopted daily work on the behavior and performance of horses of the Mangalarga Marchador breed on a horse farm and in racetracks in northern Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Twenty equines and nine trainers from four farms and three competition events of the breed were observed. The experiment was divided into two stages. In the first stage, the animals were observed together with their trainer on the farm, during the daily work, and the behavior reactions were recorded based on scores. The duration of training and the behavior told by the trainer of the animal were recorded in scores. The second stage happened in three competitions of the breed in agricultural fairs. The same observations were made on horse farms, including the behavior of the animal, before and after the trial, as well as the emotional state in the same period. For data analysis, multivariate statistics were used based on the principal components and factor analysis, using the statistical software R (version 3.3.2). From the data analyzed, it was verified that the variables embouchure, behavior and voice of the presenter, and reward and incentive in the competition influenced the reactivity of the animal. Variables of human behavior in training influenced the animal behavior variables in training. The behavior of the trainer and the form of the training, as well as the fact that the trainer is the presenter, interfered in the behavior of the horses on the horse farm and in the competitions, resulting in safer animals. However, the need for time adaptation and training management is necessary for the whole man × animal relation to get better rankings in the race competitions.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a composição química e o perfil de ácidos graxos do leite de vacas F1 Holandês/Zebu, em diferentes períodos de lactação, ao receber diferentes níveis de fornecimento da dieta em percentagem de peso corporal. Foram utilizadas 60 vacas, com cinco níveis de oferta da dieta e três períodos de lactação. Os níveis de oferta não influenciaram a produção de leite corrigida a 3,5% de gordura (12,25 kg por dia). Também não houve efeito dos níveis de oferta, nos diferentes períodos de lactação, sobre os teores de gordura (3,34%), proteína (3,41%), lactose (4,60%), sólidos totais (12,0%), extrato seco desengordurado (8,80%) e nitrogênio urético (14,5 mg dL-1), nem sobre a contagem de células somáticas (89,98 mL-1). À medida que os níveis de oferta foram reduzidos, o somatório dos ácidos graxos saturados do leite diminuiu em até 9,15% e o dos monoinsaturados aumentou em até 25,28%. A restrição alimentar de vacas F1 Holandês/Zebu não altera a composição química do leite, mas melhora a qualidade da sua gordura, ao reduzir os teores de ácidos graxos saturados, aumentar os dos ácidos graxos monoinsaturados e dos ácidos graxos desejáveis em até 54%, e elevar a relação dos ácidos graxos hipo e hipercolesterolêmicos em até 168,97%.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition and fatty acid profile of milk from F1 Holstein/Zebu cows in different lactation periods, when receiving different levels of dietary supply in percentage of body weight. Sixty cows were evaluated, with five levels of dietary supply and three lactation periods. The levels of dietary supply had no effect on the production of milk corrected to 3.5% fat (12.25 kg per day). There was also no effect of dietary supply levels, in the different lactation periods, on contents of fat (3.34%), protein (3.41%), lactose (4.60%), total solids (12.0%), defatted dry extract (8.80%), and urinary nitrogen (14.5 mg dL-1), nor on somatic cell count (89.98 mL-1). As the dietary supply level was reduced, the sum of saturated fatty acids in milk was decreased in up to 9.15% and that of monounsaturated fatty acids was increased in up to 25.28%. Feed restriction does not alter the chemical composition of milk, but improves its quality of fat by reducing saturated fatty acid content, increasing the concentration of monounsaturated and desirable fatty acids in up to 54%, and increasing the hypo- and hypercholesterolemic fatty acid ratio in up to 168.97%.

Objetivou-se por meio deste trabalho avaliar as características fermentativas de silagens de duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar com diferentes aditivos. O experimento foi conduzido no Departamento de Ciências Agrárias da UNIMONTES, Campus de Janauba-MG. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com esquema fatorial 2 x 5 + 2, sendo duas variedades de cana-de-açúcar (RB 86 7515 e IAC 86 2480) e cinco aditivos (ureia, NaOH, CaO, milho e Lactobacillus buchneri) com três repetições e um tratamento sem aditivo por variedade, com a abertura dos silos sendo feita aos 60 dias da ensilagem. Os aditivos NaOH e CaO propiciaram reduções nas perdas por gases e efluentes das silagens de cana-de-açúcar. A variedade IAC 86 2480 apresentou melhor índice de recuperação de matéria seca. Os aditivos NaOH e L. buchneri reduziram a atividade de água na variedade IAC 86 2480. O milho e L. buchneri propiciaram menores valores de pH. A adição de ureia elevou significativamente os valores de nitrogênio amoniacal. As silagens aditivadas com NaOH e CaO apresentaram elevados teores de ácido lático e baixos teores de etanol. Os teores de ácido acético em porcentagem da matéria seca foram elevados em todos os tratamentos. Já o ácido propiônico e o butírico encontram-se dentro da faixa ideal, para o processo fermentativo. A utilização dos aditivos NaOH e CaO resultou em uma silagem com boas características fermentativas e a melhor variedade para o processo de ensilagem foi a IAC 86 2480.

This work aimed to evaluate the fermentative characteristics silages of two varieties of sugar cane with different additives. The experiment was conducted in the Department of Agricultural Sciences of UNIMONTES, Janaúba Campus - MG. A completely randomized design with a factorial scheme of 2 x 5 + 2 was used, with two varieties of sugar cane (RB 86 7515 and IAC 86 2480) and five additives (urea, NaOH, CaO, corn and Lactobacillus buchneri), with three repetitions and one treatment without additive by variety, where the silos were opened 60 days after the ensiling. The additives NaOH and CaO promoted reductions in the losses by gases and effluents of the silages of sugar cane. The IAC 86 2480 variety showed better recovery rate of dry matter. The additives NaOH and L. buchneri reduced the water activity in the IAC 86 2480 variety. Corn and L. buchneri promoted lower pH values. The addition of urea significantly increased the amounts of ammonia nitrogen. The silages supplemented with NaOH and CaO showed high levels of lactic acid and low concentrations of ethanol. The concentration of acetic acid as a percentage of dry matter was high in all treatments. Propionic acid and butyric acid were within the ideal range for the fermentation process. The use of NaOH and CaO additives resulted in a silage with good fermentative characteristics and the best variety for the ensiling process was IAC 86 2480.